Purpose: To study the possibility of having two palatal roots in maxillary molars clinically and radiographically compared to previous reports.

Materials and methods:

• A review was done to compare the previous studies with the clinical study done by the authors. [ Table 1 ]
• Starting from 1973, the authors performed 15 RCT on patients having maxillary molars which appeared to have double palatal roots ( one patient treated a contralateral tooth and had the same anatomy )
• 6 extracted teeth were also evaluated ( not identified )
• From the morphology of these roots, a classification is proposed

Most highlighted results:

• Of the 16 teeth in the sample, 14 were second molars and only 2 were first molars.
• An anomaly to note on the treatment radiographs studied was the presence of enamel pearls in the furcation area.
• The classification of maxillary teeth with two palatal canals:
• Type I: maxillary molars have two widely divergent palatal roots that are often long and tortuous
• Type II: maxillary molar has four separate roots also but the roots are often shorter, run parallel, have buccal and lingual root morphology, and have blunt root apices
• Type III: maxillary molar is also constricted in root morphology with the mesiobuccal, mesiopalatal, and distopalatal canal encaged in a web of root dentin. [ Fig 11 and 12 ]

Clinical Significance:

Although the occurrence of 2 palatal roots is not frequent, a clinician should know the variability that might be encountered during RCT.