Summary: 

Purpose:

To investigate anatomical land mark of apical area related to maxillary anterior teeth

N= (30 Max central incisors,30 Max lateral incisors, 30 Max cuspids)

Materials/Methods:

• The root of the tooth cut perpendicularly at the neck, then sequentially ground apex in steps of 50 μm, after that stained with 0.1% violet solution
• Then observed under a stereomicroscope and photographed

Most highlighted Results:

• The root apex and apical foramen at the central incisors and the cuspids were displaced distolabially; while lateral incisors were displaced distolingually.
• 16.7% coincidence between root apex and apical foramen in central incisors and cuspids, while 6.7% of lateral incisors.
• The apical foramen center: displaced mesiolabially in central incisors and the cuspids , and distolingually in lateral incisors.
• The rest of parameters measured were in the tables

Clinical significance: 

Knowledge about root canal anatomy & morphology is essential to avoid mishaps